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The reproductives live in a central chamber in the nest where a lady queen or queenwill put many thousands of eggs every year over her entire life span of approximately 10 years. Male, or kings, are responsible to fertilising the queens. Numerous reproductives are commonly observed.
The young termites grow in the colony by shedding cuticles in the end of each growth phase, slowly changing until they get to the employee, soldier or adult (winged form). If queens perish, some supplementary reproductives may carry on the colony as neotenics.
Reproductives are generally darker than employees and soldiers. They have functional eyes and their stronger skin (cuticle) is able to resist the external environment. After flight, unlike other insects, the deciduous wings of termites are lost and piles of discard wings are a clue to termite infestations.
Soldiers have heads that are darker than the other castes. They're blind, wingless, and have undeveloped reproductive organs.
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Soldiers are more demanding than the other castes and take longer to die from most toxins, exposure, or starvation. It's their role to defend the colony, if disturbed, while the damage is repaired by the employees.
Soldiers exist in different forms. Most species have soldiers, together with well-developed jaws (mandibles) used to crush attackers, such as ants.
Nastute soldiers happen in Nasustitermes species and therefore are only rarely found as pests in Victoria. They've a snout from which they eject a solution which disturbs and glues attackers.
Soldiers have a huge head, which can be wedged in tunnels to block attackers. Are only occasional introductions to Victoria.
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The employees account for the largest number of termites within the colony, and are therefore responsible for the most damage.
They collect food construct tunnels and fix damage in addition to tending to the kings, queens and their young. These useful content termites are thought to work 24 hours per day during their 4-year life span. Worker termites are generally unpigmented. They are blind, wingless and have undeveloped reproductive organs. .
Termites hatch from eggs that have been tended by their nest mates in specially constructed nurseries.
As soon as they're mature enough, the young work within the colony in which occupations change with age and adulthood.
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Once a single colony gets sufficiently large it generates winged reproductives that wait in specially constructed chambers until prepared to depart the nest and undertake a colonising flight.
They leave the nest for a swarm under conditions of high humidity, still atmosphere, and sometimes low light. Termites are not strong fliers and usually only fly around 1km, but breezes and updrafts can carry them much farther.
Upon landing near a suitable nest site, the female sheds her wings and evokes a calling scent. Men respond.
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They dig in and within the next few weeks, partner and take care of their young until enough workers develop to take over the care roles.
New colonies are established via budding. This is thought to occur when the extremities of the colony lose contact and become independent.
The primary king and queen are believed to emit hormones, which suppress the sexual development of the rest of the colony. However, this control breaks down if the territory is too big or contact groups is dropped.
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Termites work in nests or colonies. They hatch from eggs as larvae, which can be fed by termites. They then develop into four forms or castes of termite:
Soldiers have large, dark heads, are blind, wingless, and have undeveloped reproductive organs. Soldiers are more demanding than other castes and might take longer to control. Several species of soldier termites have strong jaws (mandibles) utilized to crush attackers, such as ants.
Employees are colourless, blind, wingless and have undeveloped reproductive organs. Workers are the caste within a colony and are, therefore, responsible for harm.
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Reproductives that are darker in color have functional eyes and robust skin. This caste becomes the leaders of prospective colonies.
The temperature, food quality, and activity of the colony will determine how long it takes to get a termite.
Nests and tunnels are stored moist because worker termites cannot stand low humidity for long periods of time. The temperature within the nursery of a large nest ranges between 10 C and 35 C but seldom varies more than one degree a day. The relative humidity is approximately 100 per cent.
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It's important to identify the kind of termite before beginning treatment. This will allow you to understand the customs of the colony, locate the nest and indicate the system of control.